The operation of vehicles is prohibited if:

Explanation

In both cases — both the failure of the windscreen wipers provided for in the design and external noise above the standard limit.

Wipers sit next to brakes and steering on the list of defects, because the driver's vision is equally vital. In rain, snow or spray thrown up by the car ahead, the windscreen goes opaque within seconds; what distinguishes this defect from many others is the speed at which the danger arises — a worn tyre may only show itself in one emergency stop, but a broken wiper takes away your vision in the first downpour.

The second item concerns the level of external noise. Noise above the standard usually comes from a defective or tampered exhaust and silencer, and has two consequences: first, loud noise masks others' audible signals — horns and emergency vehicle sirens — both for you and for pedestrians who rely on hearing traffic; second, a defective exhaust often means leaking exhaust gases, which can find their way into the cabin.

So both items are on the list of prohibiting defects and the comprehensive answer is correct.

Exam note: in this chapter, items that use "the standard condition" or "the condition provided for in the design" as their criterion are almost always prohibiting; phrases such as "provided for in the design" and "exceeding the standard limit" are good markers for identifying the correct option.

• Correct but incomplete; external noise exceeding the standard limit also prohibits operation on its own. • This is real too, but by choosing it alone you have disregarded the failure of the wipers, which directly destroys the driver's vision.

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