The operation of vehicles is prohibited if:

Explanation

Both the absence of a first-aid kit in a motorcycle with a sidecar and a defective towing coupling device.

The list of prohibiting defects is not made up of mechanical faults alone; part of it is devoted to "mandatory equipment". Each of the two items in this question is on its own enough to prohibit driving, so the comprehensive answer is correct.

Under the regulations a motorcycle with a sidecar is a vehicle that carries a passenger, so like a car it is required to have a first-aid kit. The logic is plain: a motorcycle rider and passenger travel with no bodywork and no airbag and in a collision have the highest likelihood of bleeding and open wounds — precisely the situation in which, in the minutes before an ambulance arrives, dressings and bandages can be decisive.

The towing coupling device is likewise the only link between two heavy bodies in motion. If this device is defective, cracked or loose, a detached trailer becomes a projectile in the middle of the road with no brakes and no steering. That is why the legislator placed the condition of this component in the same class as brakes and steering.

Exam note: in this chapter, whenever both listed items really are on the list of defects, the answer is "in both cases"; the single options are correct but incomplete, and incomplete means wrong.

• This item is correct in itself — the absence of a first-aid kit really does prohibit operation — but it leaves the answer incomplete and ignores the second item. • A defective towing coupling device really is a ground for prohibition too, but choosing it alone means you have wrongly treated the first item as permitted.

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