The operation of vehicles is prohibited if:

Explanation

If changes (re-equipment) have been made to the vehicle's structure without the permission of the body that registers the vehicle.

A vehicle is certified as an approved assembly: brakes, steering, suspension, weight and safety structure have all been tested and approved together. That is why any structural change — an engine swap, fitting a gas system, altering suspension height, converting from goods to passenger use — must go through the official route with the permission of the registering body. Re-equipment without authorisation, regardless of how neatly the work was done, prohibits operation of the vehicle by itself.

The safety reason for this strictness lies in the invisible consequences of modifications: a more powerful engine sits on brakes not designed for that output; raising the suspension shifts the centre of gravity and increases the risk of rollover; a gas tank fitted without standards becomes a bomb in a rear-end collision. None of these shows itself in everyday driving and all appear precisely at the critical moment.

Exam note: in this question the criterion is "authorisation", not the quality of the work. Even a modification carried out with original parts at an authorised workshop makes the vehicle's status unlawful until it is registered. By contrast, yellow indicators at the front are entirely standard.

• Indicators at the front must be yellow/amber; this option describes the vehicle's correct condition, not a defect. • Since the second item is not an offence, "in both cases" cannot be correct either.

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