The operation of vehicles is prohibited if:

Explanation

If the vehicle used for practical driving instruction does not carry the corresponding identification mark.

A training vehicle is required to display the relevant identification mark, and the absence of this mark is among the conditions prohibiting the operation of the vehicle. Note that this is not a mechanical defect; the list covers both technical faults and the absence of mandatory equipment and marks.

Its safety reason is entirely behavioural: when another driver sees the training mark, he keeps a greater distance, defers overtaking, and expects the car to stall suddenly on a hill or move slowly at a junction. Without that mark, the same car looks like an ordinary one, and the learner's natural mistakes — pulling away late, braking suddenly, choosing the wrong lane — become completely unexpected for others. The mark is in effect information that transfers and distributes the risk from the training vehicle across the whole traffic flow.

The question's trap is the fuel level gauge. This gauge is useful to the driver but is not on the list of prohibiting defects; running out of fuel is a personal inconvenience, not a safety defect. A practical rule for this chapter: instruments relating to safe control of the vehicle (such as the speedometer) are on the list, but purely informational ones are not.

• The fuel level gauge is an informational device and is not on the list of prohibiting defects; the option is attractive because you confuse it with the speedometer, which really is on the list. • Since the second item is not an offence at all, "in both cases" is ruled out too.

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