The operation of vehicles is prohibited if:

Explanation

If there is no "Emergency Stop" sign on the bus.

The emergency stop sign (warning triangle) is mandatory equipment, and its absence on a bus prohibits operation of the vehicle. This sign has no everyday use, but it is kept for exactly the worst moment: when the vehicle has stopped in an unsuitable place and cannot be moved.

Judge the safety reason by the size of a bus: a broken-down bus at the roadside is an obstacle several metres long that is seen late on a bend, at night or in fog; and if the brakes or electrical system have failed, even the hazard lights may not come on. A triangle placed at an adequate distance behind the vehicle gives the approaching driver time to react — to slow down or change lane before reaching the obstacle. Without it, rear-end collisions with a stationary vehicle occur — one of the deadliest types of crash on intercity roads.

The option about a white rear number-plate lamp is a trap. A number-plate lamp must show white light so the rear plate stays legible at night; so this condition complies with the standard. Remember that at the rear of a vehicle only two white sources are permitted: the reversing lamp and the number-plate lamp.

• The rear number-plate lamp must be white; the option describes the vehicle's correct condition and does not count as a defect. • Since the second item is not an offence, "in both cases" is not the correct answer either.

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